Tham khảo Đèn điện tử chân không 2 cực

  1. ↑ Guthrie, Frederick (October 1873) "On a relation between heat and static electricity," The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 4th series, 46: 257–266.
  2. ↑ 1928 Nobel Lecture: OwenW. Richardson, "Thermionic phenomena and the laws which govern them", December 12, 1929
  3. ↑ Redhead, P. A. (1998-05-01). "The birth of electronics: Thermionic emission and vacuum" . Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. 16(3): 1394. ISSN 0734-2101. doi:10.1116/1.581157.
  4. ↑ Edison, Thomas A. "Electrical Meter" U.S. Patent 307,030 Issue date: Oct 21, 1884
  5. ↑ "Road to the Transistor" . Jmargolin.com.Retrieved 2008-09-22.